When we talk about the IT components that are the core of Windows Operating Systems, you come across two popular components: Domain Controller and Active Directory. A few people might use them interchangeably, but both have different purposes and features.
So, what is Domain Controller vs Active Directory or DC vs AD?
To remember it simply, you can understand them with their primary function, i.e., Active Directory manages identity and security access. In contrast, Domain Controllers are used to authenticate authority.
However, keep reading this article to know them briefly and explore more differences.
Domain Controller
1. Definition
A server authenticates users and authorizes their access to IT resources.
2. Purpose
It manages resources like files, systems, applications, and networks within a domain.
3. Domain Concept
- A collection of IT resources grouped, forming a domain.
- Domain Controller ensures that only authorized users access these resources.
4. Origin and Core Function
They are initially designed to operate in Microsoft environments, particularly with Active Directory as the central identity provider.
5. Identity Provider and Directory Services Database
- Domain Controller Server works with directory services databases, commonly called Identity Providers.
- The Identity Provider stores information about usernames and passwords.
6. Authentication Process
- User Input: The user enters a username and password.
- Communication with Domain Controller: The system sends user information to the domain controller.
- Verification with Directory Service Database: The Domain Controller authenticates the user by checking credentials against the directory service database.
- Access Authorisation: If the entered details match database credentials, the Domain Controller permits user access to the resource. If not, the Domain Controller denies access to the resource.
Active Directory
- Definition
Comprises various services on Windows Server, managing access and permissions in a network.
- Purpose
- It Stores data as objects, including groups, users, devices, and applications.
- Objects are categorized by attributes and names, containing user-related information like secure shell keys and passwords.
- Concept
- Domain services are key in managing directory information and facilitating communication between users and domains.
- It validates access when users sign in to devices or connect to servers.
- Origin and Core Function
- Developed by Microsoft
- Additional services include Certified Services, Lightweight Directory Services, Rights Management Services, and Federation Services.
- These services enhance the directory management capabilities.
- Directory Layout
- It is a major feature of Active Directory Domain Services.
- It uses a tiered layout consisting of domains, trees, and forests.
- It facilitates coordination between networks.
Table: Difference Between Active Directory And Domain Controller
| Feature | Domain Controller | Active Directory |
| Role | A specific server role within the Active Directory infrastructure. | It provides centralized network administration, managing resources, users, and permissions. |
| Functionality | Manages security within a domain, enforcing policies and authentication. | It offers a flexible structure for organizing and managing resources across the entire network. |
| Replication | Replicates change within the domain to maintain a consistent database. | Replicates data across domain controllers to ensure a consistent directory throughout the network. |
| Dependency | Requires Active Directory to function. | Core directory service dependent on domain controllers for implementation. |
| Components | Part of the Active Directory infrastructure, responsible for domain-specific tasks. | The broader framework encompasses domain controllers, Global Catalog, DNS, etc. |
| Flexibility | It is specific to domain-related tasks, such as authentication and policy enforcement. | It offers a flexible structure for organising and managing resources across the entire network. |
| Examples | Examples include Primary Domain Controller (PDC) and Backup Domain Controller (BDC) in older Windows Server versions. | Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) is the primary component, with domain controllers as instances of AD DS. |
Wrapping Up – Domain Controller Vs Active Directory
Knowing the difference between the two will help you understand that active directory and domain controllers are closely linked but not interchangeable.
Active Directory is the comprehensive database, and a domain controller, acting as a custodian, authenticates users within this system. However, safeguarding domain controllers is paramount for network security.
Moreover, you can invest in reliable network services offered by companies like InstaSafe for additional network security. So stay safe and grow quicker.
| Read Next:- Lift and shift strategy |
